❶ 冷钱包和助记词硬件是怎么做的

通过可信任的助记词、增加灵活性。
软件冷钱包，不同于硬件冷钱包，软件冷钱包使用纯软件的方式实现冷钱包功能。用户需要使用两部手机，其中一部永久离线，作为冷钱包存储私钥（助记词）。另一部联网，作为观察钱包使用。软件冷钱包和硬件冷钱包实现同样的功能，安全级别类似。但是它们有一些显著的区别：软件冷钱包可以使用闲置手机，没有额外的硬件；硬件冷钱包通过数据线或蓝牙传输数据，而软件冷钱包通过扫描二维码。
可信任的助记词：软件冷钱包可以实现更彻底的去信任（即不需要信任软件开发者），用户可以自行证明其钱包的绝对安全性。在资产安全中，首当其冲的是助记词的安全。而在助记词的安全中，首要确认是助记词生成的随机性。如果您使用了一个作恶的硬件厂商（或者有 bug）的硬件钱包，您可能在第一步就已经陷落了。
在使用软件冷钱包时，你可选择信任软件，让其帮助您生成助记词。也可以选择不信任软件，自行在它处生成助记词。因此，软件冷钱包的助记词的安全性高于硬件冷钱包。
软件冷钱包比硬件冷钱包更加灵活。通常软件冷钱包可以实现比硬件冷钱包更加复杂的功能。软件冷钱包的灵活性，也让其在资产的恢复方面也更加有优势。如果您的硬件钱包损坏，需要购买（同一厂商）的硬件，进行硬件恢复。而使用软件冷钱包，则没有这样的顾虑。
拓展资料：
目前市场上，虽然主要的冷钱包产品依然是以硬件冷钱包为主，但是它们正在受到软件冷钱包的冲击。硬件冷钱包： Ledger 是最知名的硬件冷钱包方案提供商； Trezor 是另一个知名的硬件冷钱包提供商；软件冷钱包：Ownbit 是最早实现软件冷钱包方案的钱包，也是支持冷钱包币种最多的钱包之一； Parity Signer 是 Parity 出品的以太坊软件冷钱包； 未来 事物发展的方向永远是化繁为简。越来越多的冷钱包正在以软件的方式实现。

❷ 请教，ETH 的冷钱包怎么制作

console是路由器的配置接口插反转线通过pc机配置eth表示以太口就一个内网和路由器的接口，以太网通过eth口和路由器相连

❸ 如何创建和签署以太坊交易

交易

区块链交易的行为遵循不同的规则集

由于公共区块链分布式和无需许可的性质，任何人都可以签署交易并将其广播到网络。

根据区块链的不同，交易者将被收取一定的交易费用，交易费用取决于用户的需求而不是交易中资产的价值。

区块链交易无需任何中央机构的验证。仅需使用与其区块链相对应的数字签名算法（DSA）使用私钥对其进行签名。

一旦一笔交易被签名，广播到网络中并被挖掘到网络中成功的区块中，就无法恢复交易。

以太坊交易结构

以太坊交易的数据结构：交易0.1个ETH

{
'nonce':'0x00', // 十进制：0
'gasLimit': '0x5208', //十进制： 21000
'gasPrice': '0x3b9aca00', //十进制1，000，000，000
'to': '' ，//发送地址
'value': '0x16345785d8a0000',//100000000000000000 ，10^17
'data': '0x', // 空数据的十进制表示
'chainId': 1 // 区块链网络ID
}

这些数据与交易内容无关，与交易的执行方式有关，这是由于在以太坊中发送交易中，您必须定义一些其他参数来告诉矿工如何处理您的交易。交易数据结构有2个属性设计"gas": "gasPrice","gasLimit"。

"gasPrice": 单位为Gwei, 为 1/1000个eth,表示交易费用

"gasLimit": 交易允许使用的最大gas费用。

这2个值通常由钱包提供商自动填写。

除此之外还需要指定在哪个以太坊网络上执行交易（chainId）: 1表示以太坊主网。

在开发时，通常会在本地以及测试网络上进行测试，通过测试网络发放的测试ETH进行交易以避免经济损失。在测试完成后再进入主网交易。

另外，如果需要提交一些其它数据，可以用"data"和"nonce"作为事务的一部分附加。

A nonce（仅使用1次的数字）是以太坊网络用于跟踪交易的数值，有助于避免网络中的双重支出以及重放攻击。

以太坊交易签名

以太坊交易会涉及ECDSA算法，以Javascript代码为例，使用流行的ethers.js来调用ECDSA算法进行交易签名。

const ethers = require('ethers')
const signer = new ethers.Wallet('钱包地址')

signer.signTransaction({
'nonce':'0x00', // 十进制：0
'gasLimit': '0x5208', //十进制： 21000
'gasPrice': '0x3b9aca00', //十进制1，000，000，000
'to': '' ，//发送地址
'value': '0x16345785d8a0000',//100000000000000000 ，10^17
'data': '0x', // 空数据的十进制表示
'chainId': 1 // 区块链网络ID
})
.then(console.log)

可以使用在线使用程序Composer将已签名的交易传递到以太坊网络。这种做法被称为”离线签名“。离线签名对于诸如状态通道之类的应用程序特别有用，这些通道是跟踪两个帐户之间余额的智能合约，并且在提交已签名的交易后就可以转移资金。脱机签名也是去中心化交易所（DEXes）中的一种常见做法。

也可以使用在线钱包通过以太坊账户创建签名验证和广播。

使用Portis，您可以签署交易以与加油站网络（GSN）进行交互。

链乔教育在线旗下学硕创新区块链技术工作站是中国教育部学校规划建设发展中心开展的“智慧学习工场2020-学硕创新工作站 ”唯一获准的“区块链技术专业”试点工作站。专业站立足为学生提供多样化成长路径，推进专业学位研究生产学研结合培养模式改革，构建应用型、复合型人才培养体系。

❹ 以太坊提现到帐了，钱包怎么还是0

有两种可能一种可能平台没有给你打币，需要咨询客服。第二种钱包问题未能收到你的体现。我之前在ZB平台提过也出现过这种情况。平台客服说钱包问题，然后给我退回，原来账户拉。

❺ 是不是所有的数字货币都可以转到以太坊钱包

不是的，是需要钱包支持的币种才可以，钱包不支持的币种转进去是会导致 币的丢失的，每个币的钱包充币地址都是不一样的，而且钱包的是一个小的平台，感觉没有zb安全些，不过有额可以使用一些私人钱包

❻ 怎么在中国比特币CHBTC网站注册以太坊ETH账号

恩恩，有两种方式啦

❼ 以太坊官网怎么注册不了

这确实不好办。

❶ How cold wallet and mnemonic hardware are made

Increase flexibility through trusted mnemonic words.
Software cold wallet is different from hardware cold wallet. Software cold wallet uses pure software to realize the cold wallet function. Users need to use two mobile phones, one of which is permanently offline, as a cold wallet to store private keys (mnemonic phrases). The other one is connected to the Internet and used as an observation wallet. Software cold wallets and hardware cold wallets implement the same functions and have similar security levels. But they have some significant differences: software cold wallets can use idle mobile phones with no additional hardware; hardware cold wallets transmit data via data cable or Bluetooth, while software cold wallets scan QR codes.
Trusted mnemonic: Software cold wallet can achieve more complete trustlessness (that is, there is no need to trust the software developer), and users can prove the absolute security of their wallets by themselves. In asset security, the first thing that bears the brunt is the security of mnemonic phrases. In the security of mnemonic words, the first confirmation is the randomness of mnemonic word generation. If you use a hardware wallet from a rogue hardware manufacturer (or a buggy one), you may already be trapped on the first step.
When using a software cold wallet, you can choose to trust the software and let it help you generate a mnemonic phrase. You can also choose not to trust the software and generate the mnemonic phrase yourself elsewhere. Therefore, the security of the mnemonic phrase of software cold wallet is higher than that of hardware cold wallet.
Software cold wallets are more flexible than hardware cold wallets. Generally, software cold wallets can implement more complex functions than hardware cold wallets. The flexibility of software cold wallet also makes it more advantageous in asset recovery. If your hardware wallet is damaged, you need to purchase hardware (from the same manufacturer) for hardware recovery. With software cold wallets, there are no such concerns.
Extended information:
At present, although the main cold wallet products in the market are still hardware cold wallets, they are being impacted by software cold wallets. Hardware cold wallet: Ledger is the most well-known hardware cold wallet solution provider; Trezor is another well-known hardware cold wallet provider; Software cold wallet: Ownbit is the first wallet to implement software cold wallet solution and supports the most cold wallet currencies One of the wallets; Parity Signer is an Ethereum software cold wallet produced by Parity; The direction of future development of things is always to simplify the complex. More and more cold wallets are being implemented in software.

❷ Please tell me how to make an ETH cold wallet

The console is the configuration interface of the router. Plug in the reverse line and configure eth through the PC. It means that the Ethernet port is one. The interface between the network and the router, the Ethernet is connected to the router through the eth port

❸ How to create and sign an Ethereum transaction

Transaction

The behavior of a blockchain transaction Follow a different set of rules

Due to the distributed and permissionless nature of public blockchains, anyone canTransactions can be signed and broadcast to the network.

Depending on the blockchain, traders will be charged a certain transaction fee, which depends on the user's demand rather than the value of the asset in the transaction.

Blockchain transactions do not require verification by any central authority. It simply needs to be signed with the private key using the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) corresponding to its blockchain.

Once a transaction is signed, broadcast to the network, and mined into a successful block in the network, the transaction cannot be restored.

Ethereum transaction structure

Ethereum transaction data structure: transaction 0.1 ETH

{
'nonce':'0x00', // Decimal: 0
'gasLimit': '0x5208', //Decimal: 21000
'gasPrice': '0x3b9aca00', //Decimal 1,000,000,000
'to': '' , //Sending address
'value': '0x16345785d8a0000',//100000000000000000 ,10^17
'data': '0x', // Decimal representation of empty data
'chainId' : 1 // Blockchain network ID
}

These data have nothing to do with the content of the transaction, but with how the transaction is executed. This is because when sending a transaction in Ethereum, you must define some other parameters to tell How miners process your transactions. The transaction data structure has two attributes designed "gas": "gasPrice", "gasLimit".

"gasPrice": The unit is Gwei, which is 1/1000 eth, indicating the transaction fee

"gasLimit": The maximum gas fee allowed for the transaction.

These 2 values ​​are usually automatically filled in by the wallet provider.

In addition, you also need to specify which Ethereum network to execute the transaction on (chainId): 1 indicates the Ethereum main network.

During development, testing is usually carried out locally and on the test network, and transactions are conducted through the test ETH issued by the test network to avoid economic losses. After the test is completed, enter the main network transaction.

In addition, if you need to submit some other dataData can be appended as part of a transaction using "data" and "nonce".

A nonce (a number used only once) is a value used by the Ethereum network to track transactions, helping to avoid double-spending and replay attacks in the network.

Ethereum transaction signature

Ethereum transactions involve the ECDSA algorithm. Taking Javascript code as an example, the popular ethers.js is used to call the ECDSA algorithm for transaction signature.

const ethers = require('ethers')
const signer = new ethers.Wallet('wallet address')

signer.signTransaction({
'nonce' :'0x00', // Decimal: 0
'gasLimit': '0x5208', // Decimal: 21000
'gasPrice': '0x3b9aca00', // Decimal 1,000,000,000< br /> 'to': '' , //Sending address
'value': '0x16345785d8a0000',//100000000000000000 , 10^17
'data': '0x', // Empty data Decimal representation
'chainId': 1 // Blockchain network ID
})
.then(console.log)

You can use the online application Composer to pass the signed transaction to the Ethereum network. This practice is called "offline signing". Offline signing is particularly useful for applications such as state channels, which are smart contracts that track balances between two accounts and can transfer funds once a signed transaction is submitted. Offline signing is also a common practice among decentralized exchanges (DEXes).

Signature verification and broadcasting can also be created via an Ethereum account using an online wallet.

Using Portis, you can sign transactions to interact with the Gas Station Network (GSN).

The Xueshuo Innovation Blockchain Technology Workstation under Lianqiao Education Online is a subsidiary of the Chinese Ministry of Education.It is the only approved "Blockchain Technology Major" pilot workstation for the "Smart Learning Workshop 2020-Master's Degree Innovation Workstation" launched by the school's Planning, Construction and Development Center. The professional position is based on providing students with diversified growth paths, promoting the reform of the training model integrating professional degree research, production, and research, and building an applied and compound talent training system.

❹ I have withdrawn money from Ethereum, but my wallet is still 0

There are two possibilities. One is that the platform did not transfer coins to you, so you need to consult customer service. The second wallet problem failed to receive your response. I mentioned this situation before on the ZB platform. The platform customer service said there was a problem with the wallet and then refunded it to my original account.

❺ Can all digital currencies be transferred to the Ethereum wallet?

No, you need the currency supported by the wallet. How to transfer the currency that is not supported by the wallet? It will lead to the loss of coins. The wallet deposit address of each coin is different, and the wallet is a small platform. I feel it is not as safe as zb, but you can use some private wallets if you have the balance

❻ How to register an Ethereum ETH account on the Chinese Bitcoin CHBTC website

Well, there are two ways

❼ Why can’t I register on the Ethereum official website

This is really difficult to handle.