矿机挖币价格 通俗讲解矿机挖币的原理

❶ 矿机挖币的盈利原理 原来有这些细节在里面

1、比特币实际上就是一大堆复杂算法生成的特解,特解就是指方程组所得到无限个解中的一组。用俗话解释就是相当于人民币的序列号,只要你知道这个序列号,你就拥有这张人民币。而挖矿的过程就是通过庞大的计算量不断的去寻求这个方程组的特解,这个方程组被设计成了只有 2100 万个特解,所以比特币的上限就是 2100 万。

2、挖掘比特币的矿机,其实就是我们生活当中的电脑设备。

3、由于比特币是依赖复杂算法得到的特解,所以矿机中特定芯片的作用就是运行这些算法进行挖矿操作。目前主流的算法一个是BTC,一个是LTC。

4、目前世面上的挖矿机价格高低层次不齐,这就决定挖矿机在挖矿时的效率。一般一个高级挖矿机能够在100单位天内挖到3~4个比特币。

❷ 请问矿机挖币是什么东西

矿机挖币是比特币挖矿机,就是用于赚取比特币的电脑,用户用个人计算机下载软件然后运行特定算法,与远方服务器通讯后可得到相应比特币。
比特币是一种基于去中心化,采用点对点网络与共识主动性,开放源代码,以区块链作为底层技术的虚拟加密货币,由中本聪在2008年提出,2009年诞生。与其他虚拟货币最大的不同是其总数量非常有限。比特币协议数量上限为2100万个,以避免通货膨胀问题。使用比特币是透过私钥作为数字签名,不经过如银行、电子支付平台等第三方机构,允许个人直接支付给他人。它不依靠特定货币机构发行,依据特定算法,通过大量的计算产生。
更多关于矿机挖币是什么东西,进入:https://m.abcgonglue.com/ask/2c20d91615839734.html?zd查看更多内容

❸ 矿机挖币是骗局吗

矿机挖币不是骗局,能成为骗局的是矿机和矿池,通过夸大矿机的算力骗取投资者购买,也就是说只要选择正规的矿机和矿池,那么,矿机挖币就不是骗局,首先挖矿机是实实在在存在的东西,比如说比特币挖矿机,里面部署了挖比特币的算法,是用来挖比特币的,挖矿机的算力越高,挖到比特币的数量越多。
现在挖币的小平台有很多,花几百元就可以注册一个网站弄一套制度就可以开始了,等加入的人多了,投入的钱多了,到一定时候平台就会卷钱跑人。 挖矿机一般都是骗人的特别是要充值VIP会员才能提现的,或者说一天赚一两百的,这些都是假的。 比特币用家用的普通电脑配置是达不到比特币矿机的要求的。挖一天的电费成本都难赚回来。
拓展资料:
1、 算力暴涨: 算力暴涨是挖矿投资最大的风险,算力增加导致挖矿难度增加,导致收益减少,但由于自由市场中,无法避免竞争,算力增加的风险是可以被接受的。
2、 币价下跌: 当币价下跌到一定程度时,挖矿的产出收益小于产生的电费时,就会出现亏损。不过根据测算,电费 5 毛,币价 6000 以下才可能亏本,现在的币价接近 40000.除非有特殊原因短期内币价下跌到 6000 的可能微乎其微。比如监管。
3、 系统风险: 系统风险在比特币这个里面非常常见,最常见的当属于分叉。分叉会导致币价下跌,挖矿收益锐减。不过从目前的情况来看,分叉反而让矿工收益,分叉出来的竞争币也需要矿工的算力来完成铸币和交易的过程,为了争取更多的矿工,竞争币会提供更多的区块奖励及手续费来吸引矿工。风险反而成就了矿工。
4、政策风险: 早期13年的《关于防范比特币风险的通知》到如今的《七部委联合公告》都昭示了数字货币的政策风险,目前国内的政策并不明朗,但比特币是世界的,所以大部分的矿场都认为风险影响不大

❹ 矿机是什么

比特币(BitCoin)的概念最初由中本聪在2009年提出,根据中本聪的思路设计发布的开源软件以及建构其上的P2P网络。比特币是一种P2P形式的数字货币。点对点的传输意味着一个去中心化的支付系统。
与大多数货币不同,比特币不依靠特定货币机构发行,它依据特定算法,通过大量的计算产生,比特币经济使用整个P2P网络中众多节点构成的分布式数据库来确认并记录所有的交易行为,并使用密码学的设计来确保货币流通各个环节安全性。P2P的去中心化特性与算法本身可以确保无法通过大量制造比特币来人为操控币值。基于密码学的设计可以使比特币只能被真实的拥有者转移或支付。这同样确保了货币所有权与流通交易的匿名性。比特币与其他虚拟货币最大的不同,是其总数量非常有限,具有极强的稀缺性。该货币系统曾在4年内只有不超过1050万个,之后的总数量将被永久限制在2100万个。
矿机是生产和挖掘比特币的工具

❺ 矿机挖币是怎么回事犯法吗

是犯法的,可能涉及金融诈骗。
1、投资“矿机”挖币,获取高额回报。这样的宣传,曾经让不少人动了心。不过这看似美好的事业,却是不折不扣的骗局。比特币是去中心化交易,也是匿名交易,如果说你买币或者卖币不通过正规的交易所,对方不给你钱的话,你是很难再找回的。通过交易所相当于有第三方平台介入,买币卖币对方未按要求进行付款放币,交易所是会进行拦截交易的。
2.比特币都是通过挖矿产生的,挖矿也是获得比特币成本最低的方式。但成本低只是相对于BTC的价格高而言,不代表着没有成本。是需要实实在在的矿机7*24小时不停的运算才可以挖到区块奖励的比特币。所以不要相信一些所谓的“0撸”比特币,以及各种各样没有实体矿机的项目。
买算力挖矿被骗后怎么办?保留以下证据可维权追回:
1、平台还在正常运行,并未跑路;
2、诱导挖矿聊天记录;
3、与对方的转账记录;
拓展资料:目前,上海、北京、广东等多地金融监管部门相继出台措施,对虚拟货币交易场所进行摸排整治。
不少诈骗活动以区块链技术包装迷惑投资者。
河南郑州警方近期通报了一起涉案金额13.6亿元、受害群众7000多人的骗局。诈骗团伙嫌疑人高某成立多家公司,将购买的硬盘、主板、机箱贴标拼装成所谓的“矿机”,对客户谎称:购买投资“矿机”就可通过挖币、兑换、交易等方式获得高额回报。但当客户高额购买其“矿机”投资后,该公司又以交易平台被黑客攻击为由,冻结客户兑换的数字货币,通过后台操作阻止客户提现,非法占有客户资金。
上海浦东网警发布了一起区块链养宠物的资金盘诈骗案。该项目许诺客户养虚拟猪15天后平台收购,就能有28%的收益。但实际上,所有交易都由平台人员操控,甚至赤裸裸地把参与者称作“韭菜”,最后公司卷款跑路。
一些交易平台为吸引用户流量和资金,提升交易规模,推出了“交易即挖矿”“平台币”“交易平台融资IEO”等新玩法,部分平台甚至上线“共振币”等涉嫌传销、资金盘的虚拟货币。
近期,上海监管部门特别提醒广大投资者注意,不要将区块链技术和虚拟货币混同,虚拟货币发行融资与交易存在多重风险,包括虚假资产风险、经营失败风险、投资炒作风险等,投资者应增强防范意识,谨防上当受骗。

❻ 14年一台矿机能挖多少比特币

14年一台矿机每天可以生产100个比特币。每天还消耗约50万元人民币的电费,但是收益颇丰。

❼ 什么类型的矿机为挖币专门定制淘汰后几乎毫无价值

ASIC矿机ASIC矿机是指使用ASIC芯片作为核心运算零件的矿机。ASIC芯片是一种专门为某种特定用途设计的芯片,必须说明的是它并不只用于挖矿,还有更广泛的应用领域。这种芯片的特点是简单而高效,例如比特币采用SHA256算法,那么比特币ASIC矿机芯片就被设计为仅能计算SHA256,所以就挖矿而言,ASIC矿机芯片的性能超过当前顶级的电脑CPU。因为ASIC矿机在算力上有绝对的优势,所以电脑、显卡矿机开始逐渐被淘汰。

GPU矿机GPU矿机,简单的解释就是通过显卡(GPU)挖矿的数字货币挖矿机。在比特币之后,陆续出现了一些其他数字资产,比如以太坊、达世币、莱特币等等,其中一些币所用的算法与比特币并不相同,为了达到更高的挖矿效率,矿工们做了不同的测试,最后发现SHA256算法的数字货币使用ASIC挖矿效率最高。而Scrypt 等其他算法的数字货币用GPU显卡挖矿效率最高,于是催生出了专门的GPU矿机。

IPFS矿机IPFS类似于http,是一种文件传输协议。IPFS要想运行,需要网络中有许许多多的计算机(存储设备)作为节点,广义的说所有参与的计算机,都可以称作IPFS矿机。而IPFS网络为了吸引更多的用户加入成为节点,为网络做贡献,设计了一种名叫filecoin的加密货币,根据贡献存储空间与带宽的多少,派发给参与者(节点)作为奖励。狭义的说,专门以获取filecoin奖励为目的而设计的计算机,称为IPFS矿机。由于IPFS网络需要的是存储空间以及网络带宽,所以为了获得最高的收益比,IPFS矿机通常会强化存储空间、降低整机功耗等方面。比如装备10块以上大容量硬盘,配备千兆或更高速度的网卡,使用超低功耗的架构处理器等等。

FPGA矿机FPGA矿机,既使用FPGA芯片作为算力核心的矿机。FPGA矿机是早期矿机之一,首次出现在2011年末,在当时一度被看好,但活跃期并不长,后逐渐被ASIC矿机与GPU矿机取代。FPGA(Field-Programmable Gate Array),中文名叫现场可编程门阵列。比较通俗的理解是,FPGA就是把一大堆逻辑器件(比如与门、非门、或门、选择器)封装在一个盒子里,盒子里的逻辑元件如何连接,全部由使用者(编写程序)来决定。 如果FPGA里面写的是挖矿程序,那么造出来的就是FPGA矿机,而且由于FPGA灵活度高,所以不只是可以支持比特币的SHA256算法,也可以支持GPU矿机擅长的Scrypt算法。FPGA矿机活跃的时期,相比同时代的CPU、GPU矿机,FPGA虽然算力性能不占优,但功耗要低很多,综合功耗比很高。

❽ 矿机挖币是怎么回事

矿机是指挖矿机,实际上是用于赚取虚拟币的电脑,这类电脑一般有专业的挖矿芯片,矿机挖币就是用户用个人计算机下载软件然后运行特定算法,与远方服务器通讯后可得到相应虚拟币,是获取虚拟币的方式之一。

以比特币挖矿机为例,具体如下:

1、比特币挖矿机就是专门用于赚取比特币的计算机,任何一台电脑都能成为挖矿机,只是受益会比较低,可能十年都挖不到一个比特币,很多公司已经开发出专业的比特币挖矿机,会比普通的电脑运算速率高几十倍或者几百倍。

2、挖矿具体指用芯片的计算能力,在比特币系统产生的区块中不断进行“哈希碰撞”,赢取记账权,从而获得系统奖励的比特币;挖矿是增加比特币货币供应的一个过程,同时还保护比特币系统的安全,防止欺诈交易,避免“双重支付”,矿工们通过为比特币网络提供算法来换取获得比特币奖励的机会。

3、挖矿是一种将结算去中心化的过程,每个结算对处理的交易进行验证和结算,挖矿保护了比特币系统的安全,并且实现了在没有中心机构的情况下,也能使整个比特币网络达成共识;挖矿这个发明使比特币变得很特别,这种去中心化的安全机制是点对点的电子货币的基础,铸造新币的奖励和交易费是一种激励机制,它可以调节矿工行为和网络安全,同时又完成了比特币的货币发行。


❶ The profit principle of mining with mining machines turns out to contain these details

1. Bitcoin is actually a special solution generated by a lot of complex algorithms, and the special solution refers to a system of equations One set of infinite solutions obtained. In common parlance, it is equivalent to the serial number of RMB. As long as you know this serial number, you own this RMB. The mining process is to continuously seek special solutions to this system of equations through a huge amount of calculations. This system of equations is designed to have only 21 million special solutions, so the upper limit of Bitcoin is 21 million.

2. Mining machines that mine Bitcoin are actually computer equipment in our lives.

3. Since Bitcoin relies on special solutions obtained by complex algorithms, the role of specific chips in the mining machine is to run these algorithms for mining operations. Currently, one of the mainstream algorithms is BTC and the other is LTC.

4. The prices of mining machines currently available in the world vary from high to low, which determines the efficiency of the mining machines in mining. Generally, an advanced mining machine can mine 3 to 4 Bitcoins in 100 unit days.

❷ What is a mining machine for coin mining?

A mining machine for coin mining is a Bitcoin mining machine, which is a computer used to earn Bitcoins. Users use personal computers to download software. Then run a specific algorithm and communicate with the remote server to get the corresponding bitcoins.
Bitcoin is a virtual cryptocurrency based on decentralization, using peer-to-peer network and consensus initiative, open source code, and using blockchain as the underlying technology. It was proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 and born in 2009. The biggest difference from other virtual currencies is that its total quantity is very limited. The number of Bitcoin protocols is capped at 21 million to avoid inflation issues. The use of Bitcoin uses private keys as digital signatures, allowing individuals to pay directly to others without going through third-party institutions such as banks and electronic payment platforms. It does not rely on the issuance of a specific monetary institution, but is generated through a large number of calculations based on a specific algorithm.
For more information about what a mining machine is for coin mining, enter: https://m.abcgonglue.com/ask/2c20d91615839734.html?zd to view more content

❸ What is a mining machine for coin mining? Is it a scam?

Mining machine mining is not a scam. What can become a scam is the mining machine and the mining pool, which deceives investors into buying by exaggerating the computing power of the mining machine. In other words, as long as you choose a regular mining machine and mining pool Pool, then mining with a mining machine is not a scam. First of all, a mining machine is a real thing. For example, a Bitcoin mining machine is equipped with an algorithm for mining Bitcoin. It is used to mine Bitcoin. The higher the computing power of the mining machine, the more Bitcoins can be mined.
Nowadays, there are many small platforms for mining coins. You can spend a few hundred yuan to register a website and get a system and start. When more people join and more money is invested, the platform will become popular after a certain time. Money runs away. MiningThe machines are generally scams, especially those that require top-up VIP membership to withdraw cash, or those that claim to make one or two hundred a day, these are all fake. Ordinary home computer configurations for Bitcoin cannot meet the requirements of Bitcoin mining machines. It’s hard to make back the electricity cost of digging for just one day.
Extended information:
1. The surge in computing power: The surge in computing power is the biggest risk in mining investment. The increase in computing power leads to an increase in the difficulty of mining, resulting in a decrease in income. However, in the free market, competition cannot be avoided. The risk of increased force is acceptable.
2. The currency price drops: When the currency price drops to a certain extent, and the output income of mining is less than the electricity fee generated, a loss will occur. However, according to calculations, the electricity bill is 5 cents and the currency price is below 6,000 before it is possible to lose money. The current currency price is close to 40,000. Unless there are special reasons, the possibility of the currency price falling to 6,000 in the short term is slim. Such as supervision.
3. System risk: System risk is very common in Bitcoin, and the most common one is fork. Forks will cause currency prices to fall and mining profits to drop sharply. However, judging from the current situation, forks actually benefit miners. The forked altcoins also require the computing power of miners to complete the minting and transaction process. In order to attract more miners, altcoins will provide more areas. Block rewards and handling fees to attract miners. Risk has made miners successful.
4. Policy risks: From the "Notice on Preventing Bitcoin Risks" in the early 13 years to the "Joint Announcement of Seven Ministries and Commissions" today, the policy risks of digital currencies have been made clear. The current domestic policy is not clear, but Bitcoin It is worldwide, so most mining farms believe that the risk impact is not significant

❹ What is a mining machine

The concept of Bitcoin (BitCoin) was originally proposed by Satoshi Nakamoto In 2009, he proposed to design and release open source software based on Satoshi Nakamoto's ideas and build a P2P network on it. Bitcoin is a P2P form of digital currency. Peer-to-peer transmission means a decentralized payment system.
Unlike most currencies, Bitcoin does not rely on a specific currency institution to issue it. It is generated through a large amount of calculations based on a specific algorithm. The Bitcoin economy uses a distributed database composed of many nodes in the entire P2P network to confirm and record all transactions. transaction behavior, and uses cryptographic design to ensure the security of all aspects of currency circulation. The decentralized nature of P2P and the algorithm itself ensure that currency value cannot be artificially manipulated by mass production of Bitcoins. Design based on cryptography allows Bitcoin to be transferred or paid only by real owners. This also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions. The biggest difference between Bitcoin and other virtual currencies is that its total quantity is very limited and it is extremely scarce. The currency system had no more than 10.5 million coins in 4 years, after which the total number will be permanently limited to 21 million coins.
Mining machines are tools for producing and mining Bitcoins

❺ What is going on with mining machines? Is it illegal?

Is it illegal?It is illegal and may involve financial fraud.
1. Invest in "mining machines" to mine coins and obtain high returns. This kind of publicity has moved many people's hearts. However, this seemingly beautiful career is actually an out-and-out scam. Bitcoin is a decentralized transaction and an anonymous transaction. If you buy or sell coins without going through a formal exchange and the other party does not give you money, it will be difficult for you to get it back. Through the exchange, it is equivalent to the intervention of a third-party platform. If the counterparty of buying and selling currency fails to pay and release the currency as required, the exchange will intercept the transaction.
2. Bitcoins are generated through mining, and mining is also the lowest-cost way to obtain Bitcoins. But the low cost is only relative to the high price of BTC, which does not mean there is no cost. It requires real mining machines to operate 24/7 to mine the Bitcoins for block rewards. So don’t believe in some so-called “zero” Bitcoins and various projects that don’t have physical mining machines.
What should you do if you are cheated when buying computing power for mining? Keep the following evidence to safeguard your rights and recover:
1. The platform is still running normally and has not run away;
2. Induced mining chat records;
3. Transfer records with the other party;
Expand Information: At present, financial regulatory authorities in Shanghai, Beijing, Guangdong and other places have successively introduced measures to investigate and rectify virtual currency trading venues.
Many fraudulent activities use blockchain technology to confuse investors.
The Zhengzhou police in Henan Province recently reported a scam involving a total amount of 1.36 billion yuan and more than 7,000 victims. The suspect in the fraud gang, Mr. Gao, established multiple companies to assemble the purchased hard drives, motherboards, and chassis into so-called "mining machines" with labels and labels. He lied to customers that by purchasing investment "mining machines," they can mine, exchange, and trade coins. Earn high returns in other ways. However, when customers invested in their "mining machines" for a large amount, the company froze the digital currencies exchanged by customers on the grounds that the trading platform was hacked, prevented customers from withdrawing cash through back-end operations, and illegally occupied customer funds.
Shanghai Pudong Internet Police announced a blockchain pet-raising fund fraud case. The project promises customers a 28% profit after raising virtual pigs for 15 days and purchasing them from the platform. But in fact, all transactions were controlled by platform personnel, who even openly called participants "leeks", and in the end the company took the money and ran away.
In order to attract user traffic and funds and increase transaction scale, some trading platforms have launched new methods such as "transaction-as-mining", "platform currency" and "trading platform financing IEO". Some platforms even launched "resonance coins" and other suspected pyramid schemes. , the virtual currency of the fund plate.
Recently, the Shanghai regulatory authorities have reminded investors not to confuse blockchain technology with virtual currencies. There are multiple risks in virtual currency issuance, financing and transactions, including false asset risks, business failure risks, investment speculation risks, etc. Investors should increase their awareness of prevention and guard against being deceived.

❻ How many Bitcoins can a mining machine mine in 2014?

In 2014, a mining machine can produce 100 Bitcoins per day. About 500,000 are consumed every dayThe electricity bill is RMB, but the profit is huge.

❼ What type of mining machine is specially customized for mining and is almost worthless after being eliminated

ASIC mining machine ASIC mining machine refers to a mining machine that uses ASIC chips as core computing components. ASIC chip is a chip specially designed for a specific purpose. It must be noted that it is not only used for mining, but also has a wider range of applications. The characteristics of this kind of chip are simple and efficient. For example, Bitcoin uses the SHA256 algorithm, so the Bitcoin ASIC mining machine chip is designed to only calculate SHA256. Therefore, in terms of mining, the performance of the ASIC mining machine chip exceeds the current top Computer CPU. Because ASIC mining machines have an absolute advantage in computing power, computers and graphics card mining machines are gradually being eliminated.

GPU mining machine GPU mining machine, simply explained, is a digital currency mining machine that mines through a graphics card (GPU). After Bitcoin, some other digital assets have appeared one after another, such as Ethereum, Dash, Litecoin, etc. Some of them use algorithms that are different from Bitcoin. In order to achieve higher mining efficiency, miners After doing different tests, we finally found that the digital currency using the SHA256 algorithm has the highest mining efficiency using ASIC. Digital currencies with other algorithms such as Scrypt are most efficiently mined with GPU graphics cards, which has led to the creation of specialized GPU mining machines.

IPFS Mining Machine IPFS is similar to http and is a file transfer protocol. For IPFS to run, it requires many computers (storage devices) as nodes in the network. Broadly speaking, all participating computers can be called IPFS mining machines. In order to attract more users to join as nodes and contribute to the network, the IPFS network has designed a cryptocurrency called filecoin, which is distributed to participants (nodes) as rewards based on the amount of storage space and bandwidth contributed. In a narrow sense, a computer designed specifically for obtaining filecoin rewards is called an IPFS mining machine. Since the IPFS network requires storage space and network bandwidth, in order to obtain the highest revenue ratio, IPFS mining machines usually enhance storage space and reduce the power consumption of the entire machine. For example, equipped with more than 10 large-capacity hard drives, equipped with Gigabit or higher speed network cards, using ultra-low power consumption architecture processors, etc.

FPGA Mining Machine FPGA mining machine is a mining machine that uses FPGA chip as the core of computing power. FPGA mining machines are one of the early mining machines. They first appeared in late 2011. They were once promising at the time, but their active period was not long. They were gradually replaced by ASIC mining machines and GPU mining machines. FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), the Chinese name is Field Programmable Gate Array. A more popular understanding is that FPGA is a large number of logic devices (such as AND gates, NOT gates, OR gates, selectors) packaged in a box.How to connect the logical components in it is all decided by the user (programmer). If a mining program is written in the FPGA, then what is built is an FPGA mining machine. And because of the high flexibility of the FPGA, it can not only support the SHA256 algorithm of Bitcoin, but also the Scrypt algorithm that GPU mining machines are good at. During the period when FPGA mining machines were active, compared with CPU and GPU mining machines of the same era, although FPGA's computing power performance was not superior, its power consumption was much lower, and its overall power consumption ratio was very high.

❽ What is the purpose of mining coins with a mining machine?

A mining machine refers to a mining machine, which is actually a computer used to earn virtual coins. This type of computer generally has a professional Mining chips and mining machines are used to mine coins. Users use a personal computer to download software and then run a specific algorithm. After communicating with a remote server, they can obtain corresponding virtual coins. This is one of the ways to obtain virtual coins.

Take the Bitcoin mining machine as an example, the details are as follows:

1. A Bitcoin mining machine is a computer specially used to earn Bitcoins , any computer can become a mining machine, but the benefit will be relatively low, and you may not be able to mine a single Bitcoin in ten years. Many companies have developed professional Bitcoin mining machines, which have higher computing speeds than ordinary computers. Dozens or hundreds of times.

2. Mining specifically refers to using the computing power of the chip to continuously perform "hash collisions" in the blocks generated by the Bitcoin system to win the accounting rights and thereby obtain the Bitcoins rewarded by the system; Mining is the process of increasing the Bitcoin currency supply while also protecting the security of the Bitcoin system, preventing fraudulent transactions, and avoiding "double spending." Miners provide algorithms to the Bitcoin network in exchange for the opportunity to receive Bitcoin rewards.

3. Mining is a process that decentralizes settlement. Each settlement verifies and settles the transactions processed. Mining protects the security of the Bitcoin system and enables transactions without a center. In the case of institutions, the entire Bitcoin network can also reach a consensus; the invention of mining makes Bitcoin very special. This decentralized security mechanism is the basis of peer-to-peer electronic currency, with rewards and transactions for minting new coins. Fees are an incentive mechanism that regulates miner behavior and network security, while completing the currency issuance of Bitcoin.

本文来源: 网络 文章作者: 网络投稿
    下一篇

⑴ 目前全球到底有多少台矿机在挖比特币截止6月12日btc 现在全网全力54.45EH /s 简单说下概念 1E =1000P ,1P=1000T,1T=1000G,1G=1000M,1M=100