Web 3.0 — 也称为“Web3”，它是你最近可能经常听到网络上超常见的一个术语，指的是互联网的下一次迭代，促进去中心化协议，减少对Youtube、Netflix、Amazon、Google、百度等大型科技公司的依赖。但它到底是什么？为什么每个人都必须要认识Web3.0 呢？

什么是Web 3.0？
Web 1.0 / Web 2.0/ Web 3.0

认识Web 3.0 之前，了解Web 1.0, Web 2.0 也是非常重要的！互联网的第一个版本被称为Web 1.0—— 出现在1990 年代后期，由一系列链接和主页组成。这时的网站不会特别注重互动，它除了阅读内容并发布基本内容供他人阅读之外，没有其他特别的东西。

Web 2.0 紧随其后，有些人称其为互联网的“ 读/ 写”版本，指的是一种计算机代码，它可以让你与观众互动、并且编辑文件，不仅只是查阅资料。这个版本的互联网让人们不仅可以消费内容，还可以创建自己的内容并将其发布在Tumblr、blog、reddit等论坛。再来包括我们现在最熟悉的Facebook、Twitter 和Instagram 在内的社交媒体平台的出现，更将内容分享推向了新的高度。

然而，群众开始意识到他们的个人数据被上述这些科技巨头收集并用于制作定制广告和行销活动的方式。尤其是Facebook，它因违反数据隐私法无数次受到关注，并在2019 年被处以50 亿美元的罚款，也是联邦贸易委员会(FTC)有史以来最大的罚款。

Web 3.0 的定义可以广泛解释为－数据将以去中心化的方式互连，这对于我们现在所处的Web 2.0 版本是个非常大的改变，也就是将数据存储在集中式存储库中，而非现在Web 2.0 的方式。此外，用户和机器将能够与数据进行交互，因此人工智慧(AI)及语意网(Semantic Web) 就会变得非常重要。

Web 3.0 为即将将到来的第三代互联网，网站和应用程序将能够通过机器学习(machine learning - ML)、大数据、去中心化技术(decentralized ledger technology - DLT) 等技术以类似人类的智能方式处理讯息，其主旨在成为一个更加自主、智能和开放的互联网。

Web 3.0 的四个关键特征1. 宇宙空间- Ubiquity

Ubiquity英文意思是无处不在，从这个意义上说，Web 2.0 虽然已经无处不在，例如Facebook 用户可以立即捕获图像并分享它，让资讯变得无处不在，任何人都可以使用它且访问社交网络媒体平台。

Web 3.0 更进一步，让每个人都可以随时随地访问互联网。届时联网设备将不再像Web 2.0 那样集中在计算机和智能手机上，因为IoT（物联网）技术将带来大量新型智能设备，例如透过电子钱包就可以登入任何帐号。

2. 语义网- Semantic Web

语义是对单词之间关系的研究。因此，根据Berners-Lee 的说法，语义网使计算机能够分析来自网络的大量数据，其中包括内容、交易和人与人之间的联系。在实践中，这看起来如何？让我们以这两个句子为例：

我爱设计我<3 设计

它们的语法可能不同，但它们的语义几乎相同，因为语义只处理内容的意义或情感。在Web 3.0 中，应用语义将使机器能够通过分析数据来解码意义和情感，互联网用户将通过增强的数据连接获得更好的体验。

3. 人工智能- Artificial Intelligence

由于Web 3.0 机器可以读取和破译一组数据所传达的含义和情感，同时也带来了人工智慧机器。尽管Web 2.0 提供了类似的功能，但它仍然主要是基于人的，这为有偏见的产品评论、操纵评论等也带来的不好的影响。

例如，像google review 这样的在线评论平台为消费者提供了一种评论任何产品或服务的方式。一家公司可以简单地召集一大群人并付钱给他们，为其不值得的产品创造正面评价。因此，互联网需要人工智能来学习如何区分真假，以提供可靠的数据。

而Google 的人工智慧系统也会检测是否有人为行为对该店家或是产品进行大量的评分操纵，若一瞬间大量涌入正面或是负面评价的产品，智慧系统都会将它删除。而这个行为也将很快无缝融入Web 3.0，使blog和其他在线平台能够筛选数据并根据每个用户的喜好对其进行定制。随着人工智能的进步，最终将能够为用户提供最好的过滤和公正的数据。

4. 3D 图形- 3D Graphics

一些未来学家还将Web 3.0 称为Spatial Web，因为它旨在通过革新图形技术来模糊物理和数字之间的界限，使三维(3D) 虚拟世界变得清晰。

与2D 对应物不同，3D 图形不仅在Decentraland等未来游戏应用程序中，而且在房地产、健康、电子商务等其他领域也带来了新的沉浸感。

Web 3.0 应用程式

Amazon、Apple 和Google 等公司也都正在创造Web 3.0 应用程式的产品，而目前利用Web 3.0 技术创造最出名的三个应用类似概念程式即是Siri、Alexa及Wolfram Alpha。

Siri-多年来，Apple 的语音控制AI 助手自首次出现在iPhone 4S 机型中以来变得更加智能并扩展了其功能。Siri 使用语音识别和人工智能来执行覆杂和个性化的命令。今天，Siri 和其他人工智慧软体，如Amazon 的Alexa 和三星的Bixby 都可以对于语音做出判读，像是“ 今天天气如何？” 或“我今天的行程是什么？” 做出正确的回覆。

Wolfram Alpha - 是一个“计算知识引擎”，它通过计算直接回答您的问题，而不是像搜索引擎那样为您提供网页列表。如果您想进行实际比较，请在Wolfram Alpha 和Google 上搜索“england vs brazil”并查看差异。

即使你没有将“足球”作为关键字，Google 也会提供世界杯的结果，因为它是最受欢迎的搜索。Alpha 甚至会给你一个两国的详细比较，这就是Web 2.0 和3.0 之间的主要区别。

Web 3.0 - 加密货币(Cryptocurrency)和区块链(Blockchain)

由于Web 3.0 上的大多数东西都将在区块链上，因此它肯定更安全。所有交易所都将采用加密货币，使该过程在很大程度上是防篡改和透明的，至少部分地，NFT 将在这个宇宙中发挥用户所有权的作用，在这个宇宙中，一切都有望在元宇宙中发挥作用。而Facebook 更名为Meta 和微软的Satya Nadella 对元宇宙的强调是这方面的重要指标。

虽然先前Reddit 和Discord 等公司有再探索将Web 3.0 技术整合到他们的平台上，但在遭大部分用户强烈反对后Discord 即取消了这项专案。

对于Web 3.0 的批评

Web3.0最重要的概念- 去中心化科技会使互联网难以监管，意思就是难以使防止网络犯罪、仇恨言论、在线骚扰、虐待儿童图像的传播等。

另外有部分的人也认为Web 3.0 是加密货币泡沫的一部分，是“过度炒作”和“有害”的基于区块链的趋势的延伸，其他人对加密货币和NFT 的环境影响提出了担忧。

所以，Web 3.0 是好事吗？

从概念上讲，Web 3.0 听起来是个好主意，但也不是没有问题。许多人将Web 3.0 称为通过提高隐私、数据安全性和简化可扩展性来解决大科技霸权的问题。

对去中心化的强调使得web 3.0 难以垄断，至少在纸面上是这样。虽然包括Google、Facebook 等在内的大型科技公司由于对数据生态系统的深度整合而能够控制互联网，但Web 3.0 背后的理念是任何一方都不应该拥有数据的所有权。而Web3.0 也不再只是虚构的概念，他是一个非常真实的技术。

Web 3.0 — Also known as "Web3", it is a term you may have heard a lot on the web these days, referring to the next iteration of the Internet that promotes decentralized protocols and reduces the need for YouTube , Netflix, Amazon, Google, Baidu and other large technology companies. But what exactly is it? Why does everyone need to know Web3.0?

What is Web 3.0?
Web 1.0 / Web 2.0/ Web 3.0

Before getting to know Web 3.0, it is also very important to understand Web 1.0 and Web 2.0! The first version of the Internet - known as Web 1.0 - appeared in the late 1990s and consisted of a series of links and homepages. The website at this time will not pay special attention to interaction. It has nothing special except reading content and publishing basic content for others to read.

Web 2.0 followed, what some call the "read/write" version of the Internet, referring to a type of computer code that allows you to interact with your audience and edit files, not just view them. material. This version of the Internet allows people to not only consume content, but also create their own content and post it on Tumblr, blogs, reddit, and other forums. Then, the emergence of social media platforms, including the most familiar ones like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, has pushed content sharing to a new level.

However, the masses are becoming aware of the way their personal data is being collected by these tech giants and used to create customized advertising and marketing campaigns. Facebook, in particular, has been in the spotlight for numerous violations of data privacy laws and was fined $5 billion in 2019, the largest fine ever imposed by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC).

The definition of Web 3.0 can be broadly interpreted as - data will be interconnected in a decentralized manner. This is a very big change from the version of Web 2.0 we are currently in, that is, data will be stored in a centralized repository, rather than the current Web 2.0 approach. In addition, users and machines will be able to interact with data, so artificial intelligence (AI) and the Semantic Web will become very important.

Web 3.0 is the upcoming third generation of the Internet. Websites and applications will be able to use machine learning (ML), big data, decentralized ledger technology (DLT), etc. Technology processes information in a human-like, intelligent way, and its purpose is toOn the way to becoming a more autonomous, intelligent and open Internet.

Four key features of Web 3.0 1. Universe - Ubiquity

Ubiquity means everywhere in English. In this sense, Web 2.0 is already everywhere. For example, Facebook users can instantly capture images and Share it and make the information ubiquitous and accessible to anyone on social media platforms.

Web 3.0 goes one step further, giving everyone access to the Internet anytime, anywhere. By then, Internet-connected devices will no longer be concentrated on computers and smartphones like Web 2.0, because IoT (Internet of Things) technology will bring a large number of new smart devices, such as electronic wallets that can log in to any account.

2. Semantic Web-Semantic Web

Semantics is the study of the relationship between words. Therefore, according to Berners-Lee, the Semantic Web enables computers to analyze large amounts of data from the Web, including content, transactions and connections between people. How does this look in practice? Let's take these two sentences as an example:

I love design I<3 design

Their syntax may be different, but their semantics are almost the same because semantics only deals with the meaning or emotion of the content. In Web 3.0, applied semantics will enable machines to decode meaning and emotion by analyzing data, and Internet users will have a better experience through enhanced data connections.

3. Artificial Intelligence - Artificial Intelligence

Because Web 3.0 machines can read and decipher the meaning and emotion conveyed by a set of data, it also brings artificial intelligence machines. Although Web 2.0 provides similar functions, it is still mainly based on people, which also brings bad effects to biased product reviews, manipulated reviews, etc.

For example, online review platforms like Google Review provide consumers with a way to review any product or service. A company can simply gather a large group of people and pay them to create positive reviews for its undeserving product. Therefore, the Internet needs artificial intelligence to learn how to distinguish between true and false to provide reliable data.

Google's artificial intelligence system will also detect whether there is any human behavior to manipulate the ratings of the store or product. If there is a large influx of positive or negative reviews of products in an instant, the intelligent system will It deletes. And this behavior will soon be seamlessly integrated into Web 3.0, allowing blogs and other online platforms to filter data and customize it according to each user's preferences. As artificial intelligence advances, it will eventually be able to provide users with the best filtered and unbiased data.

4. 3D Graphics- 3D Graphics

Some futurists also call Web 3.0 Spatial Web, as it aims to blur the lines between the physical and the digital by revolutionizing graphics technology to bring clarity to three-dimensional (3D) virtual worlds.

Unlike their 2D counterparts, 3D graphics bring new levels of immersion not only in futuristic gaming applications like Decentraland, but also in other fields such as real estate, health, e-commerce, and more.

Web 3.0 Applications

Companies such as Amazon, Apple and Google are also creating Web 3.0 application products. Currently, the three most famous applications using Web 3.0 technology to create similar concept programs are Siri and Alexa. and Wolfram Alpha.

Siri - Over the years, Apple's voice-controlled AI assistant has gotten smarter and expanded its capabilities since first appearing in iPhone 4S models. Siri uses speech recognition and artificial intelligence to execute complex and personalized commands. Today, Siri and other artificial intelligence software, such as Amazon's Alexa and Samsung's Bixby, can interpret speech, such as "What's the weather like today?" or "What's my schedule today?" and give correct responses.

Wolfram Alpha - is a "computational knowledge engine" that answers your questions directly through calculations rather than providing you with a list of web pages like a search engine. If you want a real comparison, search "england vs brazil" on Wolfram Alpha and Google and see the differences.

Even if you don't include "football" as a keyword, Google will provide results for the World Cup because it is the most popular search. Alpha will even give you a detailed comparison between the two countries, which is the main difference between Web 2.0 and 3.0.

Web 3.0 - Cryptocurrency and Blockchain

Since most things on Web 3.0 will be on the blockchain, it will definitely be more secure. All exchanges will adopt cryptocurrencies, making the process largely tamper-proof and transparent, and NFTs will, at least in part, play a role in user ownership in a universe where everything is expected to be on the meta function in the universe. Facebook's rebranding as Meta and Microsoft's Satya Nadella's emphasis on the Metaverse are important indicators in this regard.

Although companies such as Reddit and Discord have previously explored integrating Web 3.0 technologies into theirplatform, but Discord canceled the project after being strongly opposed by most users.

Criticisms of Web 3.0

The most important concept of Web 3.0 - decentralized technology will make it difficult to regulate the Internet, which means that it will be difficult to prevent the spread of cybercrime, hate speech, online harassment, child abuse images, etc. .

In addition, some people also believe that Web 3.0 is part of the cryptocurrency bubble and an extension of "over-hyped" and "harmful" blockchain-based trends. Others are skeptical of cryptocurrencies and NFTs. Concerns have been raised about environmental impacts.

So, is Web 3.0 a good thing?

Conceptually, Web 3.0 sounds like a good idea, but it's not without its problems. Many refer to Web 3.0 as a solution to Big Tech's hegemony by improving privacy, data security, and simplifying scalability.

The emphasis on decentralization makes web 3.0 difficult to monopolize, at least on paper. While big tech companies, including Google, Facebook and others, are able to control the internet due to their deep integration into the data ecosystem, the idea behind Web 3.0 is that no one party should have ownership of the data. And Web3.0 is no longer just a fictional concept, it is a very real technology.