宇宙级别是什么意思 宇宙级别划分

1. 如果刘备听从庞统建议,放弃荆州进军关中,蜀汉是否大业可成

首先表态:笔者是来辟谣的!即,庞统啥时候说过,放弃荆州夺取关中了?他的那句话是在劝刘备下定决心进川,根本不是说要放弃荆州。须知,荆州是三国势力的主战场,退出荆州,脱离主战场,这不是开玩笑吗?


正是在这种情况下,诸葛亮突然小宇宙爆发,军事才能展现出来,再加上曹魏根本没准备,这才震动关中,逼得曹叡都跑到长安坐镇。

可除了这第一次北伐声势浩大外,其余几次呢?第二次曹魏有了准备,在陈仓,一个郝昭就把诸葛亮给挡住了。接下来的几次也都是苦战,最多是小胜,可一旦曹魏坚守不战,诸葛亮就没辙了,因为粮草供给是软肋!

这种情况下放弃荆州,全力搞关中?这不是一厢情愿是啥?庞统很正常的一句话,不必过分解读。更不要“断章取义”!我们再牛也是一群“键盘侠”,如何跟人家诸葛亮、刘备和庞统这些人物相比?

2. 为何庞统会轻易死于落凤坡

这个问题可以分两部分来回答

第一:庞统与诸葛亮是否齐名

看一个历史人物的名声主要分三块,1民间名声。2正史名声。3当时名声。

先看两人的民间名声,杜甫诗曰:诸葛大名垂宇宙。君不见武侯祠千百年来,游客往来,香火鼎盛。诸葛亮在整个中国历史中都享有绝高的名声,这是庞统比不了的。

再看两人的正史名声,因为陈寿爱把心目中同级别的人物,放在《三国志》一个传中,所以我们很容易找到答案。比如陈寿写《张乐于张徐》列传,说明张辽、乐进、于禁、张合、徐晃是在魏国齐名的良将。那庞统和谁同传呢?答案是法正。而诸葛亮则是单独列传,在《三国志》中,臣子单独列传的还有一位,那就是和诸葛亮同样“出将入相,才德兼备”的陆逊。说明在陈寿心中,这两人才是齐名的。

前两点虽然都是诸葛亮胜出,但这并代表不了什么,毕竟民间名声太水分太大,正史名声限制又太多,所以接下来我们重点分析当时名声。我现在就可以很负责的提前告诉大家,庞统活着的时候,名声不知比诸葛亮高到哪里去了,而且两人的发展方向也是两条路。现在大部分认为诸葛亮与庞统齐名,是因为水镜先生那句“卧龙凤雏二者得一,可安天下。”但这句话来自《三国演义》。史料中司马微的原话是“儒生俗士其识时务?识时务者在乎俊杰,此间有伏龙凤雏。”这很像一个老师,向招聘公司推荐两个同样优秀的应届毕生,并不代表两人齐名。即便在司马徽眼中两人是齐名的,那在当时社会中大家普遍认可这个观点吗?

先看两人求学时期,据《三国志》记载:“诸葛亮每自比于管仲、乐毅,时人莫之许也。”即便当时诸葛亮有名,但在大部分眼中也是名不副实。而庞统却不同,他年轻时“少时朴钝,未有识者”,但自从20岁的时候和庞德公一番会晤之后,被对方夸为“南州士之冠冕”,瞬间名声大震,这种名望,孔明当是没有的。

再看两人出仕之后,诸葛亮跟的老板是刘备,庞统跟的经理是周瑜。诸葛亮跟了刘备之后,做的是大管家,幕后人物的名头都不响,即便日后他去江东促成了孙刘联盟,在名声方面也是无法和庞统相比的。周瑜死后,庞统护送周瑜灵柩返还东吴,史书记载:“吴人多闻其名。”他临走的时候,东吴的名士陆绩、顾劭、全琮都来为庞统送行。此时,庞统显露出他最擅长也是最喜欢的一个特长――品评人物。

庞统说:“陆绩好比驽马,有逸足之力。顾劭好比驽牛,能负重致远。”

有人问:“那是陆绩比顾劭强了?”

庞统答:“骏马跑的虽快,但只能驼一个人;笨牛虽然跑的慢,却能驼很多人!”

精辟!实在精辟。

“品评人物”是魏晋时期的一大特色,大评论家对某个人的一句夸赞一句批评,关系着这个人在社会上能否立足。比如曹操年轻时,经常苦于自己没有名望,不能挤进上层朋友圈。乔玄让他找大名士许子将。面对曹操的死缠烂打,许子将说了一句:“子治世之能臣,乱世之奸雄”,之后曹操名声大显。再比如袁绍,有一次驾着十分豪华的车马队伍回家,但准备进入许子将所在的汝南境内时,却把宾客等打发走了,说:“我这样的车马装束,难道可以让许子将看见吗?”于是就只乘着一辆车子回家。连四世三公的袁绍,官二代曹操,都如此迎合敬畏许子将,可见大评论家在当时的地位。庞统正是这样的人物!现在大家明白为什么诸葛之前名声不如庞统了吧,诸葛亮名声小,因为他是幕后大管家。庞统名声高,因为他是台前的评论家。和定位有关,和才能无关。

但接下来发生一件让人意想不到的事情,名声极高的庞统返回南郡后,官职由“南郡功曹”变成了“耒阳县令”,虽然属于平调,但没得到刘备的重用却是事实,这是为什么呢?《三国演义》给出的设定是刘备嫌弃庞统长的丑,我认为在《三国演义》的很多虚构中,这一条最失败的虚构。史书没有记载庞统相貌,而在《三国演义》中,以识人用人见长的刘备与孙权都因庞统长得丑而不重用他,这显然是作者太拿历史当儿戏了。那刘备为什么不重要庞统呢?要从刘备本身的性格谈起。

《三国志》记载“先主不甚乐读书,喜狗马、音乐、美衣服。”可见刘备年轻时候一个不爱学习的古惑仔,虽然日后他在社会上摸爬滚打,认为到了知识分子的重要性。但他的本性对那些有名无实、爱放嘴炮的名士,是不屑一顾的。从他怒斥大名士许汜“求田问舍”,还有鄙视许靖都可以看出。要知道许靖可是上文所说的大评论家许子将的哥哥呀。多亏法正劝刘备,让把许靖供起来当个吉祥物,这才没造成不好的社会舆论。

然而庞统的公共形象就是一个“评论家”,因此不招刘备待见在情理之中。刘备什么喜欢诸葛,因为觉得他是个有才能的实干家。为什么不待见庞统,因为觉得他是个无用的评论家。还是那句话,和定位有关,和才能无关。其实庞统真实的志向是当一个“论帝王之秘策,揽倚伏之要最”的王佐之臣,所以我十分怀疑庞统在耒阳县令不好好干活是故意的,目的是为了吸引刘备注意,改变刘备对自己的看法。果然庞统被免职后,诸葛亮与鲁肃纷纷向刘备推荐庞统,刘备与庞统相见,十分投机。刘备也改变了对庞统的定位,不再将他看成耍嘴炮的“许汜”,而是可以为自己出谋划策的“张良”。史书记载,此时刘备对庞统恩遇仅次于诸葛亮。

庞统的才能得到认可后,开始建议刘备进图巴蜀。“萧何”诸葛亮留守荆州,“张良”庞统跟随着刘备开始向益州进军,然而在进攻雒县时,庞统中箭不幸身亡。日后刘备占领益州后,诸葛亮的幕后工作做得非常出色,于是名声渐显。贾诩评价诸葛亮“善治国”。刘晔评价诸葛亮“明于治而为相。”也是在此时开始传播的。

总结:抛开民间名声、正史名声不谈,在当时诸葛亮与庞统从未真正意义上的齐名。初期两人定位不同,庞统是品评路线,诸葛是实干路线。中期两人的形象不同,庞统是张良形象,诸葛是萧何形象。后期两人发展空间不同,当诸葛开始名扬天下,展示自己的“将相才”时,庞统已经死亡。我觉得庞统与诸葛亮齐名,本身就是一个伪命题,因此也谈不上什么过誉不过誉。

第二:如果庞统不死,对三国结局是否会有影响?

历史是不可假设的,说庞统的死影响三国结局也好,不影响三国结局也好,都是一厢情愿的意淫,所以在此我不想从大局势方面讨论庞统之死,而是想谈谈庞统去世对刘备的个人影响。

“庞统之死”和“郭嘉之死”很像,都是才华横溢,英年早逝,而且他们都是主公最贴心的朋友。赤壁战败后,曹操感叹:“若郭奉孝在,不使孤至此。”如果郭嘉不死,真能改变战局吗?不见得!顶多赤壁战败后,曹老板改哭戏志才。而且荀攸、贾诩、程昱都是算无遗策的大神级人物,他们难道谋划方面代替不了郭嘉吗?我觉得曹操不是为失去一个谋士哭,而是为失去一个朋友哭。纵观魏国君臣,曹操与郭嘉的感情最为知心贴心,这一点是其他谋士代替不了的。

刘备与庞统的关系也是这样,刘备对待诸葛亮,像是对待一名老师,多了一份尊敬。对待庞统,像是对待一位朋友,多了一份随和。《三国志》中有一个非常典型的故事:刘备杀了杨怀、高沛后,大宴三军,他对庞统说:“今天的集会,真是快乐极了。”庞统说:“把征服别人领土当做快乐,这恐怕仁者之兵吧。”当时刘备已醉,怒气冲冲的说:“武王伐纣,军队前歌后舞,难道就不是仁者之师吗?你说话不对,快点退出宴会吧!”庞统立即退了出去。不一会,刘备醒悟就后悔了,又把他请了回去。庞统回到原位,并没有向刘备致歉的意思,自斟自饮好像什么事都没发生一样。刘备问庞统:“刚才我们的争论,到底是谁的不对?”庞统回答说:“君臣都有失误。”刘备大笑,酒宴又恢复了原来的欢乐气氛。一个人只有在朋友面前,才会如此无拘无束的谈话,哈哈一笑,谁对谁错,既往不咎。

所以庞统死后,《三国志》记载:“先主痛惜,言则流涕。”要知道正史中的刘备是不爱哭的,但刘备一提起庞统就痛哭不止,这是多么深的朋友感情呀。和曹操失去郭嘉相比,刘备是幸运的。因为郭嘉死后,曹操就再也没遇到过知心朋友。而庞统死后,出现了一个与刘备性格最相投的法正。如果说庞统是刘备的张良,那法正就是刘备的陈平,都以出谋划策为主。陈寿把庞统与法正并传,其原因也在此。而且这两个人是刘备生前,唯二加谥号的大臣。

总结:小人物的死,往往也会产生蝴蝶效应,影响整个局面,更何况是像庞统这样的人才呢?但具体能影响多少,这个谁也不得知。我只知道,对刘备个人而言,失去了一个贴心朋友,无疑是悲痛欲绝的。


1. If Liu Bei follows Pang Tong's suggestion and abandons Jingzhou and marches to Guanzhong, will the Shu Han be able to achieve great success

First of all, let me express my opinion: I am here to refute the rumors! That is, when did Pang Tong say that he would give up Jingzhou and capture Guanzhong? His words were to persuade Liu Bei to make up his mind to enter Sichuan, not to give up Jingzhou at all. It should be noted that Jingzhou is the main battlefield of the Three Kingdoms. Isn't it a joke to withdraw from Jingzhou and break away from the main battlefield?


It was under this situation that Zhuge Liang's small universe suddenly exploded and his military talents were revealed. In addition, Cao Wei was not prepared at all, which shocked Guanzhong and forced him to Cao Rui even went to Chang'an to take charge.

But apart from this first Northern Expedition, which was so huge, what about the other times? The second time Cao Wei was prepared, Hao Zhao blocked Zhuge Liang in Chencang. The next few times were all hard battles, with small victories at most. But once Cao Wei insisted on not fighting, Zhuge Liang had nothing to do, because the supply of food and grass was his weakness!

In this case, give up Jingzhou and go all out to build Guanzhong? Isn't this wishful thinking? Pang Tong's very normal words do not need to be interpreted too much. Don’t even “take it out of context”! No matter how awesome we are, we are still a group of "keyboard warriors". How can we compare with people like Zhuge Liang, Liu Bei and Pang Tong?

2. Why did Pang Tong die easily in Luofengpo

This question can be answered in two parts

First: Are Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang equally famous

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The reputation of a historical figure can be divided into three main categories: 1. Folk reputation. 2 Official historical reputation. 3 Reputation at the time.

Let’s first look at the two people’s reputation among the people. Du Fu wrote in a poem: Zhuge’s fame is spread throughout the universe. Don’t you see, Wuhou Temple has been visited by tourists and prosperous for thousands of years. Zhuge Liang enjoys an extremely high reputation throughout Chinese history, which is unmatched by Pang Tong.

Looking at the official historical reputation of the two people, because Chen Shouai put the characters of the same level in his mind in the biography of "Three Kingdoms", it is easy for us to find the answer. For example, Chen Shou wrote the biography "Zhang Yue and Zhang Xu", which shows that Zhang Liao, Yue Jin, Yu Jin, Zhang He, and Xu Huang were equally famous generals in Wei. Then who will Pang Tong interpret with? The answer is Fa Zheng. Zhuge Liang has a separate biography. In "Three Kingdoms", there is another official who has a separate biography, and that is Lu Xun, who, like Zhuge Liang, "served as a general and as a prime minister, with both talent and virtue". This shows that in Chen Shou's heart, these two people are equally famous.

Although Zhuge Liang won the first two points, this does not mean anything. After all, the folk reputation is too watery and the official reputation has too many restrictions, so next we will focus on analyzing the reputation at that time. I can responsibly tell you in advance now that when Pang Tong was alive, his reputation was much higher than that of Zhuge Liang, and the two people's development directions were also two ways. Most people now think that Zhuge Liang is as famous as Pang Tong because of Mr. Shui Jing's saying, "One of the two can bring peace to the world." But this sentence comes from "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Sima Wei's original words in historical materials are "Confucian scholars and laymen are among theKnow the current affairs? Those who know the current affairs care about heroes. There are dragons and phoenixes here. "This is very much like a teacher recommending two equally outstanding graduates to a recruitment company. It does not mean that they are equally famous. Even if they are equally famous in Sima Hui's eyes, is this view generally accepted by everyone in society at that time? < /p>

Let’s first look at the two people’s academic years. According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms: “Every time Zhuge Liang compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, no one at that time appreciated him. Even though Zhuge Liang was famous at the time, it was not worthy of his name in most eyes. But Pang Tong was different. When he was young, he was "simple and blunt in his youth and had no knowledge." However, after a meeting with Pang Degong when he was 20 years old, he was praised by him as "The crown of scholars in Nanzhou" instantly became famous. This kind of fame was something Kong Ming never had.

Looking at the two people after they became officials, Zhuge Liang's boss was Liu Bei, and Pang Tong's manager was Zhou Yu. . After Zhuge Liang followed Liu Bei, he became a great housekeeper, and the name of the person behind the scenes was not famous. Even if he went to Jiangdong to promote the Sun-Liu alliance in the future, his reputation could not be compared with Pang Tong. After Zhou Yu died, Pang Tong escorted him. Zhou Yu's coffin was returned to Soochow, and history books record: "Many people in Wu heard of his name. "When he was leaving, the famous figures from Soochow, Lu Ji, Gu Shao, and Quan Cong, all came to see Pang Tong off. At this time, Pang Tong showed his best and favorite specialty - criticizing characters.

< p> Pang Tong said: "Lu Ji is like a rogue horse, with the ability to move easily. Gu Shao is like an ox, capable of carrying heavy loads and traveling far distances. ”

Someone asked: “So Lu Ji is better than Gu Shao? "

Pang Tong replied: "Although the horse runs fast, it can only hump one person; although the stupid ox runs slowly, it can hump many people! "

Incisive! Really incisive.

"Criticizing characters" is a major feature of the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Every praise or criticism of a person by a great critic has a bearing on that person's future. Whether Cao Cao can gain a foothold in society. For example, when Cao Cao was young, he often suffered from the fact that he had no reputation and could not squeeze into the upper class circle of friends. Qiao Xuan asked him to find the famous scholar Xu Zijiang. Faced with Cao Cao's stalking, Xu Zijiang said : "The son is a capable minister who governs the world, and a traitor in troubled times." After that, Cao Cao became famous. Another example is Yuan Shao, who once drove a very luxurious chariot and horse team home, but when he was about to enter the territory of Runan where Xu Zijiang was, he unexpectedly He sent the guests away and said, "Can Xu Zijiang see me dressed up like this?" "So he only took a car to go home. Even Yuan Shao, the fourth generation and the third prince, and Cao Cao, the second generation official, catered to Xu Zijiang, which shows the status of the great commentator at that time. Pang Tong was just such a person! Now everyone You can understand why Zhuge Liang's reputation was not as good as that of Pang Tong before. Zhuge Liang's reputation is small because he is the butler behind the scenes. Pang Tong's reputation is high because he is a critic in front of the stage. It has to do with positioning and has nothing to do with talent.

But An unexpected thing happened next. After Pang Tong, who had a high reputation, returned to Nanjun, his official position was changed from "Nanjun Meritorious Cao" to "Leiyang County Magistrate". Although it was an ordinary job, he was not reused by Liu Bei. In fact, why is this? The setting given in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is that Liu Bei dislikes Commander Pang's ugliness. I thinkBecause among the many fictions in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", this is the most failed fiction. There is no record of Pang Tong's appearance in the history books. In "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", both Liu Bei and Sun Quan, who are good at recognizing and employing people, did not reuse Pang Tong because he was ugly. This is obviously because the author is taking history too seriously. Then why is Liu Bei not more important than Pang Tong? Let’s start with Liu Bei’s own character.

"Three Kingdoms" records that "the first master was not very fond of reading, but liked dogs, horses, music, and beautiful clothes." It can be seen that Liu Bei was a young and Dangerous boy who did not like to study when he was young. Although he would crawl in the society in the future Gunda believed in the importance of intellectuals. But his nature is to disdain those celebrities who are famous in name only and love to talk nonsense. This can be seen from the fact that he angrily rebuked the famous scholar Xu Si for "asking for land and property" and despised Xu Jing. You must know that Xu Jing is the brother of Xu Zijiang, the great critic mentioned above. Thanks to Fazheng who persuaded Liu Bei to offer Xu Jing as a mascot, this did not cause bad public opinion.

However, Pang Tong's public image is that of a "critic", so it is reasonable not to invite Liu Bei to see him. Liu Bei likes Zhuge because he thinks he is a talented man of action. Why don't you want to see Pang Tong? Because you think he is a useless critic. Again, it has to do with positioning, not talent. In fact, Pang Tong's true ambition is to be a minister of the king who "discusses the emperor's secret strategies and relies on the most important ones", so I very much doubt that Pang Tong did not work well as the magistrate of Leiyang on purpose, in order to attract Liu Bei's attention. , changing Liu Bei's view of himself. Sure enough, after Pang Tong was dismissed, Zhuge Liang and Lu Su recommended Pang Tong to Liu Bei. Liu Bei and Pang Tong met and were very speculative. Liu Bei also changed his positioning of Pang Tong. He no longer regarded him as a talkative "Xu Si", but as a "Zhang Liang" who could make suggestions for himself. According to historical records, Liu Bei's kindness to Pang Tong was second only to Zhuge Liang at this time.

After Pang Tong's talents were recognized, he began to suggest that Liu Bei enter Tubashu. "Xiao He" Zhuge Liang stayed in Jingzhou, and "Zhang Liang" Pang Tong followed Liu Bei and began to march towards Yizhou. However, when attacking Luoxian County, Pang Tong was hit by an arrow and died. Later, after Liu Bei occupied Yizhou, Zhuge Liang did an outstanding job behind the scenes, and his reputation gradually became apparent. Jia Xu commented that Zhuge Liang was "good at governing the country". Liu Ye commented that Zhuge Liang was "knowing how to govern and become a prime minister." It was also at this time that it began to spread.

Summary: Putting aside the reputation among the people and official history, Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong were never truly equally famous at that time. In the early days, the two had different positions. Pang Tong was on the critical path, and Zhuge was on the practical path. In the middle period, the images of the two men were different. Pang Tong was the image of Zhang Liang, and Zhuge was the image of Xiao He. In the later period, the development space of the two men was different. When Zhuge began to become famous all over the world and showed his "general and ministerial talents", Pang Tong was already dead. I think that Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang are as famous as each other, which is a false proposition in itself, so there is no such thing as too much praise or too much praise.

Second: If Pang Tong does not die, will it have any impact on the outcome of the Three Kingdoms?

History cannot be assumed. Whether Pang Tong’s death affects the outcome of the Three Kingdoms or not, it is all wishful thinking, so inAt this point, I don’t want to discuss Pang Tong’s death from the overall situation, but I want to talk about the personal impact of Pang Tong’s death on Liu Bei.

"The Death of Pang Tong" is very similar to "The Death of Guo Jia". Both were talented and died young, and they were both the Lord's most considerate friends. After the defeat in Chibi, Cao Cao sighed: "If Guo Fengxiao were here, I wouldn't be here alone." If Guo Jia had not died, could the situation of the war really be changed? not necessarily! At most, after the defeat in Chibi, Boss Cao cried and played Zhicai instead. Moreover, Xun You, Jia Xu, and Cheng Yu are all great figures who are capable of making great plans. Can't they replace Guo Jia in terms of planning? I think Cao Cao cried not for losing a counselor, but for losing a friend. Looking at the monarchs and ministers of the Wei State, Cao Cao and Guo Jia had the most intimate and considerate relationship, which cannot be replaced by other counselors.

The same is true for the relationship between Liu Bei and Pang Tong. Liu Bei treated Zhuge Liang like a teacher, with more respect. Treating Pang Tong like a friend, more easy-going. There is a very typical story in "Three Kingdoms": After Liu Bei killed Yang Huai and Gao Pei, he held a banquet for the three armies. He said to Pang Tong: "Today's gathering is really happy." Pang Tong said: "Conquer other people's territories as a Happy, I'm afraid this is the army of the benevolent." Liu Bei was already drunk at the time, and said angrily: "King Wu defeated Zhou, and the army sang and danced in front of the army. Isn't this the army of the benevolent? What you said is wrong, hurry up and leave the banquet!" Pang Tong immediately withdrew. After a while, Liu Bei realized that he regretted it and invited him back again. Pang Tong returned to his original position and had no intention of apologizing to Liu Bei. He poured himself a drink as if nothing had happened. Liu Bei asked Pang Tong: "Whose fault was our argument just now?" Pang Tong replied: "Both kings and ministers made mistakes." Liu Bei laughed, and the banquet returned to its original joyful atmosphere. Only in front of friends can a person talk so freely, laugh, and forget who is right or wrong.

So after Pang Tong's death, "Three Kingdoms" recorded: "The First Lord felt sorry for him and shed tears when he spoke." You must know that Liu Bei in official history does not like to cry, but when Liu Bei mentions Pang Tong, he cries bitterly. What a deep feeling of friendship. Compared with Cao Cao who lost Guo Jia, Liu Bei was lucky. Because after Guo Jia's death, Cao Cao never met a close friend again. After Pang Tong's death, Fazheng, who was most compatible with Liu Bei's personality, appeared. If Pang Tong is Liu Bei's Zhang Liang, then Fazheng is Liu Bei's Chen Ping, both of whom focus on making suggestions. This is also the reason why Chen Shou passed down Pang Tong and Fazheng together. Moreover, these two people were the only ministers with posthumous titles during Liu Bei's lifetime.

Summary: The death of a small person often produces a butterfly effect, affecting the entire situation, let alone a talent like Pang Tong? But no one knows how much of an impact it will have. All I know is that for Liu Bei personally, losing a close friend was undoubtedly heartbreaking.

本文来源: 网络 文章作者: 网络投稿
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